Nº 003 Further than you think

Rome or New York: Which Is Further North?

Rome is about 130 km further north than New York, and Edinburgh is further north than Moscow. So why are European winters so mild? A 2002 study argued the bigger reason is which way the air blows, not the Gulf Stream.

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Sources

• City latitudes: Wikipedia infoboxes (Rome 41°53′N, New York 40°43′N, Barcelona 41°23′N, Edinburgh 55°57′N, Moscow 55°45′N)
• January daily means, 1991–2020: Edinburgh (RBGE) 4.5 °C; Moscow (VDNKh) −6.2 °C (Wikipedia climate tables)
• Seager et al. (2002), 'Is the Gulf Stream responsible for Europe's mild winters?', Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 128: 2563–2586